Solar Photovoltaic Roofs and Fasades of Residential Buildings as a Compromise between Design, Cost and Environment towards the Sustainable City and Community and Climate Action Goals
Session
Architecture and Spatial Planning
Description
The electrical energy sector in Kosovo with 80% is the greatest contributor of the emission of CO2 as the main gas in the green house effect (GHE). Only 5% of produced energy is from renewable sources (RES). These data are far below the UN and EU targets for downsizing of GHG emissions for 50% and 95% by 2030 and 2050, respectively. Currently around 50% of world’s population live in urban area and trends show that by 2050 this would be up to 70%. The urban population, with up to 80%, is the greatest consumer of energy and due to that contributes with more than 70% of GHG emissions. United Nation General Assembly has set a framework with 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) for a better living in cities. All these SDG are integrated and complementary, but in this research more relevant are considered Goal 11-Sustainable city and community, and Goal 13-Climate actions. These two are dealt with the focus for the case of Kosovo towns. This paper aims to turn the idea of climate change into action by using solar photovoltaic panels (PV) either on top of the roofs and/or facade of residential buildings of the cities in Kosovo. This proposed case, apart from energy generation, alternatively would contribute to cutting CO2 emissions from power generation that in Kosovo is mainly from lignite burning power plants, or private residential heating, which contributes with emissions of other environmentally hazardous gases and particulate matter especially during winter season. Obtained meteorological data for Kosovo provide that in one calendar year there are averagely 278 sunny days with 2000 sunny hours. This model case is based on the installation of 50 m2 of PV in household’s buildings, roofs and fasades. This equals to 10 kW of installed capacity. The entire cost of this investment is calculated to be around 7300 Euro. Annual energy generation would be circa 15000 kWh that is double than Kosovo’s average household consumption. The calculated payback period is around 7 years. The annual impact on the reduction of CO2 emissions will be 15 kt/yr only from one residential house. Despite the increase of the cost of house construction, or installation on the just built ones, the PV installation also affects the design of residential houses, but within all 17 SDG the implementation of this model would be a justifiable compromise for future sustainable cities as places for a better living.
Keywords:
Sustainable city, solar energy, carbon free residence, Kosovo
Proceedings Editor
Edmond Hajrizi
ISBN
978-9951-550-50-5
Location
UBT Kampus, Lipjan
Start Date
29-10-2022 12:00 AM
End Date
30-10-2022 12:00 AM
DOI
10.33107/ubt-ic/2022.360
Recommended Citation
Qafleshi, Mevlan; Serdari, Eduart; and Qafleshi, Ermal M., "Solar Photovoltaic Roofs and Fasades of Residential Buildings as a Compromise between Design, Cost and Environment towards the Sustainable City and Community and Climate Action Goals" (2022). UBT International Conference. 369.
https://knowledgecenter.ubt-uni.net/conference/2022/all-events/369
Solar Photovoltaic Roofs and Fasades of Residential Buildings as a Compromise between Design, Cost and Environment towards the Sustainable City and Community and Climate Action Goals
UBT Kampus, Lipjan
The electrical energy sector in Kosovo with 80% is the greatest contributor of the emission of CO2 as the main gas in the green house effect (GHE). Only 5% of produced energy is from renewable sources (RES). These data are far below the UN and EU targets for downsizing of GHG emissions for 50% and 95% by 2030 and 2050, respectively. Currently around 50% of world’s population live in urban area and trends show that by 2050 this would be up to 70%. The urban population, with up to 80%, is the greatest consumer of energy and due to that contributes with more than 70% of GHG emissions. United Nation General Assembly has set a framework with 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) for a better living in cities. All these SDG are integrated and complementary, but in this research more relevant are considered Goal 11-Sustainable city and community, and Goal 13-Climate actions. These two are dealt with the focus for the case of Kosovo towns. This paper aims to turn the idea of climate change into action by using solar photovoltaic panels (PV) either on top of the roofs and/or facade of residential buildings of the cities in Kosovo. This proposed case, apart from energy generation, alternatively would contribute to cutting CO2 emissions from power generation that in Kosovo is mainly from lignite burning power plants, or private residential heating, which contributes with emissions of other environmentally hazardous gases and particulate matter especially during winter season. Obtained meteorological data for Kosovo provide that in one calendar year there are averagely 278 sunny days with 2000 sunny hours. This model case is based on the installation of 50 m2 of PV in household’s buildings, roofs and fasades. This equals to 10 kW of installed capacity. The entire cost of this investment is calculated to be around 7300 Euro. Annual energy generation would be circa 15000 kWh that is double than Kosovo’s average household consumption. The calculated payback period is around 7 years. The annual impact on the reduction of CO2 emissions will be 15 kt/yr only from one residential house. Despite the increase of the cost of house construction, or installation on the just built ones, the PV installation also affects the design of residential houses, but within all 17 SDG the implementation of this model would be a justifiable compromise for future sustainable cities as places for a better living.