Pap smear as a method in prevention and diagnosis of cervical pathology in Region of Prishtina

Session

Medicine and Nursing

Description

Introduction The Papanicolaou test - Pap test or Pap smear is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix. The collected cells are examined under a microscope to look for abnormalities. The test aims to detect potentially precancerous changes as a cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cervical dysplasia; the squamous intraepithelial lesion system (SIL) is also used to describe abnormalities caused by human papillomavirus, a sexually transmitted DNA virus. Pap smear screening is recommended starting around 21 years of age until the age of 65. Guidelines on frequency vary from every three to five years. If results are abnormal, and depending on the nature of the abnormality, the test may need to be repeated in six to twelve months. If the abnormality requires closer scrutiny, the patient may be referred for detailed inspection of the cervix by colposcopy, which magnifies the view of the cervix, vagina and vulva surfaces.

Aim of presentation is to present our results using Pap test in the primary care at the region of Prishtina region in detecting potentially precancerous and cancerous processes and other pathology in the cervix.

Results: During the period January 2021 and July 2022 in 510 women, aged from 24 to 66 years, mostly from Prishtina city (413 women or 81% where from Prishtina and in 97 or 19 % from rural area) Pap smear was done. From the total number, in 68 of them colposcopy was performed. Reason for colposcopy in 52 women or 76% was atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), in 15 women or 22% was high grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and in one case invasive cancer was found. In both groups with HSIL and with invasive cancer during the colposcopy also biopsy was done and suspected diagnosis was confirmed. Patient with invasive cancer was referred at the Oncology Clinic.

Conclusion In region of Prishtina at the primary care Pap smear is widely performed since 2016. Basing on the cost and on the achieved results in diagnosis such pathologies we propose to include this test in all Kosovo as a prevention and diagnostic method in precancerous and cancer pathology

Keywords:

Pap smear, cervical screening, colposcopy, cervical cancer.

Proceedings Editor

Edmond Hajrizi

ISBN

978-9951-550-50-5

Location

UBT Kampus, Lipjan

Start Date

29-10-2022 12:00 AM

End Date

30-10-2022 12:00 AM

DOI

10.33107/ubt-ic.2022.155

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Oct 29th, 12:00 AM Oct 30th, 12:00 AM

Pap smear as a method in prevention and diagnosis of cervical pathology in Region of Prishtina

UBT Kampus, Lipjan

Introduction The Papanicolaou test - Pap test or Pap smear is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix. The collected cells are examined under a microscope to look for abnormalities. The test aims to detect potentially precancerous changes as a cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cervical dysplasia; the squamous intraepithelial lesion system (SIL) is also used to describe abnormalities caused by human papillomavirus, a sexually transmitted DNA virus. Pap smear screening is recommended starting around 21 years of age until the age of 65. Guidelines on frequency vary from every three to five years. If results are abnormal, and depending on the nature of the abnormality, the test may need to be repeated in six to twelve months. If the abnormality requires closer scrutiny, the patient may be referred for detailed inspection of the cervix by colposcopy, which magnifies the view of the cervix, vagina and vulva surfaces.

Aim of presentation is to present our results using Pap test in the primary care at the region of Prishtina region in detecting potentially precancerous and cancerous processes and other pathology in the cervix.

Results: During the period January 2021 and July 2022 in 510 women, aged from 24 to 66 years, mostly from Prishtina city (413 women or 81% where from Prishtina and in 97 or 19 % from rural area) Pap smear was done. From the total number, in 68 of them colposcopy was performed. Reason for colposcopy in 52 women or 76% was atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), in 15 women or 22% was high grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and in one case invasive cancer was found. In both groups with HSIL and with invasive cancer during the colposcopy also biopsy was done and suspected diagnosis was confirmed. Patient with invasive cancer was referred at the Oncology Clinic.

Conclusion In region of Prishtina at the primary care Pap smear is widely performed since 2016. Basing on the cost and on the achieved results in diagnosis such pathologies we propose to include this test in all Kosovo as a prevention and diagnostic method in precancerous and cancer pathology