Phenolic Profiles of Rosa canina and Rosa pimpinellifolia Seeds

Session

Agriculture, Food Science and Technology

Description

The Rosaceae family is one of the most encouraging plants that grow wild in large areas of Asia, Europe, the Middle East and North America. The fruits of two species of this family (Rosa canina L. and Rosa pimpinellifolia L.) attract attention with their high phenolic content. In Türkiye, fresh rosehip fruits are consumed by processing into many products such as jam, herbal tea, jelly. The seeds, which make up about half of the fruit weight, are generally not used. The aim of this study was to investigate the phenolic compounds of two wild Rosa species (Rosa canina L. and Rosa pimpinellifolia L.) seeds. For this purpose, the fruits were harvested from Erzurum, Türkiye in 2024. Methanol extracts of the seeds were prepared and injected into a HPLC-DAD. At the end of the analysis, a total of eleven phenolic compounds were identified in Rosa canina and Rosa pimpinellifolia. These compounds were gallic acid, catechin, hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, epicatechin, syringic acid, quercetin-3-glucoside, salicylic acid and resveratrol. Each compound was quantified for both species, allowing for a direct comparative analysis. The results showed that the species Rosa pimpinellifolia L. contains higher levels of catechin (9.50 mg/kg) and quercetin-3-glucoside (3.72 mg/kg) compared to Rosa canina L. In contrast, the highest epicatechin content was found in Rosa canina at 5.41 mg/kg. Additionally, the dominant anthocyanin compound in Rosa pimpinellifolia L. was identified as cyanidin-3-glucoside (14.32 mg/kg). Statistical analyses (ANOVA and t-test depending on data distribution) revealed that the differences between the two species in terms of these compounds were statistically significant (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the different phytochemical profiles of the two Rosa species and suggest that Rosa pimpinellifolia L. may be a potent source of certain antioxidants, particularly catechins and anthocyanins. The study results indicate that rosehip seeds are important wastes and might be potential resources for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals.

Keywords:

Rosehip., fruit., phenolics

Proceedings Editor

Edmond Hajrizi

ISBN

978-9951-982-41-2

Location

UBT Lipjan, Kosovo

Start Date

25-10-2025 9:00 AM

End Date

26-10-2025 6:00 PM

DOI

10.33107/ubt-ic.2025.164

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Oct 25th, 9:00 AM Oct 26th, 6:00 PM

Phenolic Profiles of Rosa canina and Rosa pimpinellifolia Seeds

UBT Lipjan, Kosovo

The Rosaceae family is one of the most encouraging plants that grow wild in large areas of Asia, Europe, the Middle East and North America. The fruits of two species of this family (Rosa canina L. and Rosa pimpinellifolia L.) attract attention with their high phenolic content. In Türkiye, fresh rosehip fruits are consumed by processing into many products such as jam, herbal tea, jelly. The seeds, which make up about half of the fruit weight, are generally not used. The aim of this study was to investigate the phenolic compounds of two wild Rosa species (Rosa canina L. and Rosa pimpinellifolia L.) seeds. For this purpose, the fruits were harvested from Erzurum, Türkiye in 2024. Methanol extracts of the seeds were prepared and injected into a HPLC-DAD. At the end of the analysis, a total of eleven phenolic compounds were identified in Rosa canina and Rosa pimpinellifolia. These compounds were gallic acid, catechin, hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, epicatechin, syringic acid, quercetin-3-glucoside, salicylic acid and resveratrol. Each compound was quantified for both species, allowing for a direct comparative analysis. The results showed that the species Rosa pimpinellifolia L. contains higher levels of catechin (9.50 mg/kg) and quercetin-3-glucoside (3.72 mg/kg) compared to Rosa canina L. In contrast, the highest epicatechin content was found in Rosa canina at 5.41 mg/kg. Additionally, the dominant anthocyanin compound in Rosa pimpinellifolia L. was identified as cyanidin-3-glucoside (14.32 mg/kg). Statistical analyses (ANOVA and t-test depending on data distribution) revealed that the differences between the two species in terms of these compounds were statistically significant (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the different phytochemical profiles of the two Rosa species and suggest that Rosa pimpinellifolia L. may be a potent source of certain antioxidants, particularly catechins and anthocyanins. The study results indicate that rosehip seeds are important wastes and might be potential resources for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals.