Dental Sciences

Third molars develop, mature, and erupt during a critical stage of human development. This timing coincides with orthodontic treatment for the majority of our orthodontic patients. Since orthodontists have a significant impact on decisions regarding space management and stability, they are frequently asked for guidance and recommendations for the management of third molars. Referring practitioners, patients and insurers inquire frequently about the prognosis of third molars and whether and when to recommend extraction. What is the most clinically relevant and current information that may affect the orthodontists decisions regarding third molars? This lecture will provide a scientific update to answer this question.

Sialolithiasis is the most common disease of the Salivary glands. The majority of Salivary gland calculi occur in the submandibular gland. More than 80% of the salivary gland calculi appear in the submandibular gland. They can be located in the glandular parenchyma or frequently in the excretory duct.

This case report describes a 45 old patient presenting with submandibular gland sialolith, the subsequent patient management, the aetiology, diagnosis and various treatment modalities available for management of salivary gland calculi depending on their site and size.

The number of adult patients requiring orthodontic treatment is increasing and the lingual braces compared to braces on the vestibular side of teeth fulfills more their requirements.

The aim of this paper is a presentation of the lingual technique application to patients with midline diastema (diastema mediana) and teeth infraposition, as well as presentation of personal experience and guidance of therapy with this technique by presenting data before and after therapy.

Patients with significant aesthetic problems like midline diastema, frontal tooth infraposition and frontal tooth protrusion have been treated. In these cases was used the direct method of lingual technique with Forestadent 2D and 3D braces.

Patients had no difficulty during the therapy. After treatment, have been achieved very good functional and aesthetic results, and compared to the orthodontic apparatus placed on the vestibular surfaces of the teeth, have been used weaker elastic forces.

The use of the lingual technique has shown success in this type of orthodontic abnormalities and is much more convenient for the patient, as this technique does not interfere with aesthetics, hygiene can be maintained easier, there will be no roughness or loss of brightness of the vestibular surfaces of teeth that often occurs in the fixated apparatus on the vestibular side of the teeth. Some patients have reported mild speech obstacles that disappeared within two weeks.

The complex anatomy of the root canal system makes it impossible to completely remove microorganisms from the root canal even when using conventional contemporary methods of mechanical treatment of the canal. In this study we tested the photodynamic disinfection of root canal infected with Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) at different time intervals in comparison to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI).

Methods: Seventy eight extracted single-rooted teeth were collected, sterilized, and incubated with Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). The group was divided into 6 groups depending on the treatment mode; HELBO®Endo Blue photosensitizer dye application followed by HELBO laser irradiation, with the output power 100 mW and emission of 660 nm, for a 1, 3 and 5 minutes, irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl, 10 second PUI with 2.5% NaOCl and control group. Flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis were used to determine the effectiveness of the different disinfecting methods. Results: The ANOVA test showed a significant statistical difference between disinfecting methods (p

Conclusions: PUI + NaOCl 2.5% is the most effective method for disinfection of infected root canals with E. faecalis, compared to other applied disinfection methods. SEM analysis only confirmed the results. Photodynamic therapy lasting 5 minutes has been more effective in destroying cells of Enterococcus faecalis, therefore longer times of photodynamic therapy were recommended.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common anomalies among children, occurring in approximately 8 to 10 in 1,000 births. Dental management of these children requires special attention, because they are considered to be at higher risk of development of a Bacterial Endocarditic (BE). The initial factor for development of BE is bacteremia which can be caused by bacteria passing from the oral cavity. Therefore, antibiotic prophylaxis before dental treatments is recommended for these patients.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate parents' knowledge about the importance of oral health and oral hygiene of their children with congenital heart anomalies.

Materials and methods: This study included 60 subjects – parents whose children were between 6 to 15 years of age. The parental knowledge was assessed through a questionnaire that included data of special interest for this study, such are these for oral hygiene habits and information about oral health importance. The study was carried out in the University Clinical Center of Kosova, Department of Pediatric Dentistry in cooperation with Department of Pediatric Clinic of Kosova.

Results: About 68.8% of parents of children with CHD were informed mainly by the pediatric doctor about their risk during the dental interventions, however they had no information about the importance of orl health and other provisions for its protection and indirectly for the general health protection. The most of children with CHD don't have oral hygiene habits.

Background

Infective endocarditis is a rare disease with a high morbidity and mortality. For more than 50 years antibiotic prophylaxis before dental invasive procedures has been the primary focus for preventing infective endocarditis and has remained the standard of care for patients with the disease in most parts of the world.

Objectives

This paper aims to describe the evolution of the approach towards the antibiotic prophylaxis of infective endocarditis before invasive dental procedures. Reviewing and comparing different guidelines and studies performed before and after the implementation of these guidelines, we attempt to give an historic and also up-to-date panorama of the strategies used to prevent infective endocarditis. We also aim to provide sound arguments to simplify decision-making for the dental community when dealing with susceptible patients.

Methods

Electronic searches were conducted across databases such as Pubmed Central, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, Centre for reviews, Science Directand PubMed using keywords such as antibiotic prophylaxis, infective endocarditis. Additional reports were identified from the reference lists of retrieved reports and from review articles of the same subject. After screening of the titles and available full text articles were retrieved. Finally titles of interest for the review were found and they have been included in the review.

Conclusions

Considering the difficulty of the treatment of IE, in the course of the years a significant emphasis has been put on using antibiotic prophylaxis on susceptible patients empirically in order to prevent it. Several guidelines and protocols were designed in order to help clinicians in the decision-making process of administering antibiotics prior to dental procedures. Anyway, the guidelines regarding IE have evolved and nowadays, they all point toward a general trend against empiric use of antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis. Considering the effects of cummulative bacteremia, the emphasis nowadays is on the maintenance of an optimal oral hygiene and the absence of gingival disease as the best strategy to prevent infective endocarditis in susceptible patients

While the mechanical articulators have contributed to enhanced design, manufacture, and fixing of artificial replacements for different mouth components, virtual articulators are being considered as a viable replacement which not only carry out these obligations in a more advanced manner, but they also offer considerable outcomes. To begin with, reproduction of exact movement of trails of the mandible employing an automated jaw process structure referred to as jaw motion analyzer (JMA) makes it unique. Furthermore, dental arches are not only easily viewed on a screen, but also their movements can be studied for efficient reproduction. Some challenges that it solves include the problem of poorly manufactured, designed, and fitted artificial mouth-parts replacements (Pandita, Dod, & Bhat, 2016). Primary and secondary data are to be collected. The study design will entail identifying secondary sources that qualify in the category of quantitative studies and on the adoption of virtual articulators in prosthodontics. In addition to this approach, the use of interviews will also be carried out as another research technique. The method will entail questioning dentists and orthodontists that use virtual articulators to highlight and investigate the benefits of this technology.

Odontoma present a bias most common to of benign odontogenic tumors and often times can prevent the eruption of the permanent tooth. In general, odontomas develop asymptomatically,so their diagnosis is often accidental, during routine visits or by looking for causes of delayed permanent tooth eruption. Odontoma can occur in two forms: odontoma compound and odontoma complex.

Case presentation - a 12-year-old patient was referred to the Oral Surgery Clinic by a Family Medicine Specialist because of prevent the eruption of right maxillary central incisor.

In the X-ray panoramic view, a lesion formed by some small radiopaque fragments under the crown of the maxillary central incisor impacted on the right side is observed. Under local anesthesia and with buccal access, the odontoma is removed, consisting of 11 parts together with the fibrous sheath.The histopathologic result confirmed the diagnosis of odontoma compound.

Delay of permanent tooth eruption can be due to various lesions such as odontoma. Early detection and timely removal of the odontoma enables the eruption and alignment of the permanent tooth in the dental range without the application of orthodontic forces.

Aim. To examine the impact of LLLT on the periodontal finding by assessing PD and CAL in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and T2DM.

Material and method. 40 individuals with the clinical attachment loss ≥4 mm, comprising at least 50% of affected teeth were examined.In first group (n=20) conservative periodontal treatment was supplemented by laser therapy;in second group (n=20) onlyconservative periodontal treatment was performed. In both groups, the values of PD and CAL were evaluated at first examination, six weeks and three months after therapy. Results.In the first group there is a significant difference between the values of PD at first examination, 6 weeks and 3 months after therapy,for Friedman ANOVA Chi Sqr. (N = 40, df = 2) = 79.51 and p <0.001 (p = 0.000) and the values of CAL at the same time intervals for Friedman ANOVA Chi Sqr. (N = 40, df = 2) = 80.00 and p <0.001 (p = 0.000).

In the second group, there is also significant difference between the values of PD (first examination, six weeks and three months after treatment) for Friedman ANOVA Chi Sqr. (N = 40, df = 2) = 76.00 and p <0.001 (p = 0.000) and CAL values at first examination, 6 weeks and 3 months for Friedman ANOVA Chi Sqr. (N = 40, df = 2) = 80.00 and p <0.001 (p = 0.000).Conclusion. Between the two groups statistically significant differences are evident after 6 weeks and 3 months of therapy, therefore LLLT is effective additional therapy for non-surgical treatment of periodontal disease.

Dental aesthetics is a combination of scientific knowledge and artistic skills. In the past, dentistry has only been concerned with maintaining a healthy mouth and repairing various injuries. With the advancement of knowledge and technology, dentistry today largely deals with dental aesthetics. In our research we have analyzed the satisfaction with their dental aesthetics of both sexes in health and non-health workers.

Method: A correlational prospective study was conducted on the satisfaction with the appearance of dental aesthetics in health and non-health workers. The study involved 167 participants of both sexes. Questionnaires were distributed anonymously to participants.

Results: Of the 167 research participants, 98 are health professionals (physicians, psychologists, nurses) while 69 belong to non-health professions (students, lawyers, economists). Of these, 89 are female and 78 are male. 115 respondents or 68.8% are satisfied with their dental esthetics while 52 or 31.2% are dissatisfied. interventions.

Conclusion: The largest percentage of respondents, both health and non-health professionals are satisfied with their dental aesthetics.

The effect of dentine etching time with H 3 PO 4 37% (20 and 60 sec) and composite polymerization duration (60 and 180 sec) on the shear bond strengths to dentin was evaluated in vitro. Dentine was treated with H 3 PO 4 37% in duration of 20 and 60 sec, before (Syntac ® ) was applied. The composite was polymerized for 60 and 180 sec. Data were analyzed with Anova and Tuckey test. Mean values for the first group (etching 20 sec / polymerization 60 sec) were 63.8 ± 3.7 N, for the second group (E 60 sec / P 60 sec) 111.7 ± 2.4 N, and for the third group (E 60 sec / P 180 sec) 132.8 ± 14.3 N. The control group (AdheSe ® ) had mean values 134.4 ± 15.5 N. There is significant difference found between the second and the first group (p

The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of the mandibular third molar and the potential risk for pericoronitis occurrence using clinical and radiographic analysis. In this study, were included 79 patients in which 127 partially erupted mandibular molars were diagnosed with pericoronitis including acute and chronic type. Patient data were recorded such as: name and surname, age, sex, clinical form of pericoronitis (acute and chronic). The position of the mandibular third molar was determined using orthopantomogram and in some cases computed tomography (CT), as well as clinically confirmed during surgery, since all teeth were surgically removed. The age of the most affected by pericoronitis is 21-25 years with 69.62% followed by the age group of 15-20 years (13.92%). No significant difference was observed between males and females. Partially erupted mandibular third molar in the vertical position is most often associated with pericoronitis in 42.5% of cases, followed by the mesioangular position in 29% of cases. The vertical position of the partially erupted third mandibular molar can be considered the position with high predisposition for the development of pericoronitis. Adequate and timely treatment enables the avoidance of episodes of acute pericoronitis while improving the quality of life.

Ankyloglossia is known as tongue tie. It's a congenital oral pathology which causes problems with food consumption and swallowing, Dislalia or difficulty with articulating words, difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene, also other problems with tongue movement. This pathology comes from a short membrain, which serves to attach the tongue with the mouth floor. Clinical case. The patient is 26 years old, gender is female. Surgical intervention was not done at a young age, because her family did not take her to a proper doctor. Because of the ankyloglossia gingiva in the region of the incisors of the lower jaw, on the lingual side was pulled out of the frenulum and spaces were formed between the teeth. In these spaces tartar was deposited. The patient came to the stomatological department with these complaints. During the examination we noticed the adjacent frenulum. The patient did not know that Dislalia, a talking disorder was formed because of her adjacent frenulum. The patient couldn't pronounce some sounds like: t, l,ll, r, rr, th,s etc. We proposed her to have a surgical procedure, a frenectomy. After we removed the hard and soft depositions from the oral cavities and after we explained to her the troubles the adjacent frenulum had caused her she agreed to have a frenectomy. After removing the sutures and after healing from her operation wounds, the way she articulated words changed, the way she spoke, and the sounds she couldn't say before, she started to pronounce them and with this her social life changed for the better.

In this paper we will present the ways of treating permanent young teeth, especially for children from 6 years of age, because at this age the teeth start to emerge with the emergence of the first permanent molars. The treatment of teeth depends on the pathology of the tooth. Depending on the diagnosis, the treatment plan is also made. Another very important thing in the dental treatment plan is the development of the root, in which case we plan to treat that tooth through apexification or apogenesis. The purpose of this paper is to show ways of treating young permanent teeth, from initial caries to endodontic treatments. The methodology of this paper is descriptive based on the literature that speaks about permanent dental treatment. The results of the study are that young permanent teeth respond very well to stimulating therapy with CaOH, ZOOK which leads to the development of medicinal dentine. This is at the same time the advantage of younger people over older people. In cases of irreversible pulpitis, the methods of treatment depend on the degree of root apex formation that occurs 2-3 years after the eruption of that tooth.