Psychology

Psychology is the science of cognition and behavior in its broad concept. As a process of recognizing human behavior, it provides a recommending perspective on education as an essential process in the development of society. You "can't approach it with too much confidence in yourself and stubbornly." (Adler. A. 2010: 3). One who deals with the science of psychology must be dominated by the degree of simplicity, "a complex, difficult process, but one that delivers particular pleasure" (Musai, B. 1999: 5), since the understanding of human nature is in size immense. Its mission is noble and spiritual. Recommendations for institutional commitment to the improvement of scientific study methodology in the education system, towards the acceptance of psycho-pedagogical methods, on elements that stimulate the process of cognition and development, on experimental forms and methods of learning, test results, semi-structured interviews , structured ones in all the forms and possibilities that can be achieved, all of these provide conclusions with a significant social-psychological impact on teachers and students, who are today exposed to the enormous educational machinery of yet undefined forces.This topic is very prevalent in today's academic environments, yet education is a severe degradation not only nationally but also globally in the desire for education. The road necessarily passes through appropriate and profound institutional reforms and up-to-date standards. “The essence of the reform and restructuring of the Albanian school is in our own school. It was created at a time when society denied the previous era. The mechanical adaptation of ready-made models and clichés from world educational experience is not, and cannot be, successful. Their imitation will always have the Albanian coefficient ”. (Dhamo, M. 1997: 6)The best teachers for students are not those who know more, but those who, with their skills, know how to control the collective psyche of children and students in the classroom.Here is the issue in which psychology takes precedence in education. In modern times, the needs put forward seem to have imposed on psychology the change of its object, from the soul (psycho¬), to the essential elements of human behavior. "In modern times it has become very difficult for people to appear in societies with personal behaviors and socially 'disciplined' social shells to the very last instance." (Tushi, G. 2017: 32). Recognition, profound psychological appropriation of tradition, culture and behavioral and spiritual socialization place the necessity of finding a psycho-pedagogical solution in favor of proper education for the society of the country to which it belongs and Wider.

The purpose of the research was to examine the relationship between personality traits of individuals involved and uninvolved in politics with ethnicity and the tendency for social dissimulation. In assessing the personality traits of individuals involved and uninvolved in politics, the Big Five personality traits model was applied. The study included 525 respondents from RNM, of whom 35 later included in politics (of whom 8 were female) aged 24 to 61 years. The Hexaco Questionnaire was used to assess the features of individuals involved and uninvolved in politics, and the EPQ subscale was used to assess the tendency of social dissimulation. In the data analysis, links were observed between personality traits and ethnicity and social dissimulation. The results show that in the sample tested, Honesty, Social dissimulation and Agreeableness are the most present traits in individuals involved in politics compared to individuals who are not involved in politics. Those involved in politics have a dominant presence of traits such as honesty, modesty, unconventionality and prudence. When it comes to the tendency for social dissimulation, the results state that there are significant differences between individuals involved and not involved in politics. Individuals involved in politics are more likely to display dissimulation. Regression analyzes have shown that Flexibility, Social Boldness, Liveliness, Openness to experiences are considered as the best predictors (out of a total of 26 personality traits) of involving in politics.

Pain is unpleasant sensation, suffering or distress of the body or mind. This feeling impairs active life and and make you feel tired and tense. Pain often accompanies terminal patients affecting all aspects of life. In the cancer population, its prevalence is over 75% for those with advanced disease (Dahlia Rizk, 2017.). Techniques mainly used in Albania for pain management are those with medications, ranging from mild to severe such as morphine or other opiate family medications.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the services offered to terminal patients in Albania, in terms of pain management. The psychological approach to treating pain is lacking, affected not only by the mentality of the sick and their families, but also by the total (or few in number) lack of psychological services integrated into primary health care facilities.

The purpose of this research is to identify the challenges and needs of parents of children with autism in treating their behavior, depending on the coliving in broad and close family. The research was conducted with qualitative design, there were 25 parent participants of children with autism. The participants were interviewed, and their interviews were transcribed. The interviews were consisted with semi-structured questions, analyzed in substance by coding the most pronounced topics that answered the question research. The results show the differences of coexistence in the broad and close family structures of children with autism. It can be concluded that the close family needs more financial and emotional support, and the wider family needs specific information because of compassion and non-intervention in the concrete situations of treating child behavior. Mothers have expressed psychological and physical exhaustion and all parents have expressed the need for continuous professional assistance and consultancy on the treatment or the approach for the child. The creation of an online platform is suggested because of low cost and easy access to services.

Postpartum depression during pregnancy and the time after that can cause the problems in the relations between mother, child and family. Although the physiology of pregnancy in humans is the same throught the world, many factors influence the experience of women. Due to the sensitive natyre of the postpartum period and frequency of this disorde is variable, this research seeks to investigate the relationship between type of delivery and postpartum depression has been done. This correlational study was performed on 136 mothers (aged 16-48 years) in Obstetrician and Gynecological Clinic at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo. Sociodemographic, obstetric, and depression-related data were gathered using questionnaires and Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The questionnaires were administered by the researcher for 25-35 min. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 22.0. The results showed that the mother’s age, economic status, education, progress of pregnancy, type of delivery, number of delivery, and maternal depression are statistically significant (p< 0.5) as well as the prevalence of postpartum depression is 12.61%, respectively, of which 30.9% related to caesarean section, 20.6% of vaginal deliveries, and complication during birth delivery 5.9%. There was a significant relationships between mode of delivery and postpartum depression (p

Leading up to the arrangement of the Musikwissenschaft (1885), psychology — separately in sentiment and Affektenlehre — was listed among the disciplines of systematics, but it was Francès (La perception de la musique, 1958) who genuinely initiated musical psychology. Understanding the art of sound was profiled in three working hypotheses, as dependent: (i) on knowledge of structure (analytical approach); (ii) by its context (analytical-historical-social approximation); (iii) from potentially communicative meaning (interpretive-analytical positioning). Berlyne investigated the close connection between Aesthetics and Psychobiology (1971) in an attempt to individualize the physiological basis of judgmental taste. Imberty (Les écritures du temps, 1981) embarked on the next phase of sensory epistemology in search of psychological semantics that enables the penetration of the phonetic fact through the comprehensive perspective of existing perspectives. It thus turns out that the potential sense that can be imparted to the acoustic image is only partially subjective, since interpretation is profoundly influenced by both behavioral schemas and cultural conventions.

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his article investigates the role of interviewer/respondent gender dyad in cellphone interview retention and length. Relying on a simple random sample of cellphone public opinion survey data of 1571 respondents collected in Albania in winter 2018-2019, we test a set of hypothesis arguing that, in cellphone public opinion surveys, female interviewers would yield better results both in terms of advancing the interview toward the last question (interview retention), and having it conducted in shorter time (interview length). By complementing social distance theory and social desirability theory with genders differences in personality traits, we hope to contribute with models potentially stable and generalizable across different cultural and political settings. We found that, indeed, in cellphone surveys the female-female dyad would predict better interview results and the male-male dyad would predict the worst interview results, with the other gender combinations in between.

Alexithymia is a personality construct characterized by difficulties in identifying and describing subjective feelings, presenting a limited imaginative capacity and an outwardly oriented cognitive style. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between main personality dimensions according to Big Five and alexithymia. The sample of this study consisted of 401 participants aged over 18 years. The questionnaires used were the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R), to classify personality traits. Correlational analyzes showed that there is a strong negative association between alexithymia and neuroticism. A positive association was found between alexithymia and openness to experiences. However, no significant correlations resulted in the association between alexithymia and extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness. The practical implications of this study will be elaborated in the design and implementation of preventive programs in the context of mental health.

The aim of this paper is to examine attitudes towards people living with HIV in correlation with socio-cultural aspects among adolescents in Kosovo. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 384 adolescents in Kosova. Adolescents from 13 to 18 years old were part of the survey. A self-administered and self-reporting questionnaire were used to gather data. Most of the items in the questionnaire were adaptations of the items based on the WHO AIDS program regarding knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices (KABP) whereas some specific items were developed intentionally by the researcher for purpose of this study. Attitudes of subjects towards PLWHA were acceptable and tolerant. Female subjects have more tolerant attitudes towards HIV people compared with male subjects. At the other hand, subjects tend to relate HIV with specific groups and show more negative attitudes towards these groups, such as LGBT community.

The political organization of society, developments in society, international conflicts have led not only to the development of political science, but also to the consideration of the role of human nature in those social processes. Therefore, leadership styles gained weight by looking at the approaches and solutions they offered to a particular political phenomenon. There are plenty of political behaviors that seem unreasonable and pointless at first glance, yet such unpredictable phenomena occur in the world. We manage to unravel some of these political events as we immerse ourselves in trying to understand the thoughts and feelings of the people who make these decisions and carry out these acts through a psychological prism. The purpose of this study is focused on, through metanalysis, to highlight the political profiling of leaders in Albanian societies by focusing on people's perceptions of the different organizations in terms of how leaders of those organizations are governed and comparing them with theories of political and organizational leadership. The metanalysis study included 12 empirical studies conducted in Kosovo that included leadership styles as the main variable. The number of respondents included in each study in particular belongs to the large sample. A metanalysis of the 12 studies previously conducted on this topic results in a conclusion on the need to incorporate a psychological approach into two-way politics: to examine all those personality traits in a narrower worldview, which in every respect are related to political activity, and such an approach (as if it were the only one) we might call psychological, since the tendency is on the individual; on the other hand, we may tend to put into political action and study those personality traits that determine the type and direction of action, and that is, in our opinion, the true subject of political psychology. The developed metanalysis study also highlighted the dominance of authoritarian leadership style (in 11 of the 12 studies consulted) versus the other three styles.

School and family are key players in maintaining a healthy society. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between individual, contextual and parenting factors in reporting atmosphere, psychological well-being, victimization and violence in Tepelena district schools. The study has a mixed design consisting of quantitative, qualitative and observational methodologies. The study methodology involves hierarchically overlapping multiple analyzes. Sampling in school selection was appropriate while classes were selected according to spatial sampling. The self-report questionnaires used are: The California School Climate and Safety Syrvey (CSCSS), Kessler-10 and Scale of Parenting Style (SPS). In addition, the qualitative House-Tree-Person (HTP) test and observation were used. 375 questionnaires were administered in 5 district 9-year schools. The mean age of the sample is (M = 14.2, SD = 1.33) among which 144 are boys (47.7%) and 210 girls (59.3%). SPSS software version 22.0 was used for data analysis. The analysis showed that students reported low levels of violence and forms of victimization. Quality tests and observation did not support these results. Reporting of school risk factors was low while the presence of firearms and drug use was noted. There were statistically significant relationships between the presence of violence, school atmosphere, psychological well-being, school victimization, family atmosphere, and parenting style. Situation and satisfaction in the family are predictors of the school atmosphere. It is noted that student recognition of rules increases with increasing responsiveness and accountability / control by both parents and vice versa and there is a strong relationship between knowledge of rules against violence and maternal accountability. The study recommends organizing meetings and seminars among psychologists, parents, teachers and / or students as well as longitudinal studies to look at changing factors related to school atmosphere, psychological well-being, perceived parenting styles, and violence by experts in the field. The recommendation relates specifically to schools in rural areas.

In order to realize the cultural rise of girls and women, the government faced serious obstacles of the time, such as patriarchal and conservative thoughts of Albanian society. This problem was born out in the past, although with the efforts of King Zog's government to educate women, very little was actually done. The emancipation of girls and women took place in open war with religious faith, accusing it of being a regressive force in society. Above all, work was done to minimize conservatism within the Albanian family. The participation of women in illiteracy courses, in production, in school, met with great resistance. not only by the families, but also the entire Albanian conservative society. However, propaganda would not hesitate to present time figures, comparing the situation with the state of pre-liberation

The emancipation of women took place in the fight against bigotry, a consequence of the past legacy of feudal backwardness, which was more pronounced in villages or in remote mountain areas. Although much was initially done to entice women and girls into the fight against illiteracy, abolition, or the sale of girls, who were engaged with the help of the women's organization, youth or through party organs located at the head of the movement.

Mental health issues among University students around the world have lately become a growing problem and concern. Studies show that among main psychological problems faced by students are anxiety and depression. Although students are in great need for psychological support, the social stigma associated with seeking help remains an obstacle. There are many Student Counselling Centers in major Universities in different countries, offering psychological support to their students. Following these models, but adapting to the cultural context, the Student Counselling Centre in UBT, which is one of its kind in Kosovo and the region, was established to promote the importance of mental health among students and to offer them support in overcoming difficulties and in gaining emotional resilience. The aim of this study, using the method of Case Study, was to examine the main themes and mental health concerns presented by students in the SCC during its one and a half course. Among main concerns expressed by students were: difficult interpersonal relationships, mainly with parents; anxiety; depressive mood, difficulties in overcoming traumatic events; and lack of purpose in life. Psychological support was offered to all students that sought it, mainly through individual counselling. As expected, students that attended the sessions regularly and for a longer period of time showed the greatest improvement.

On November 2019 Albania was shook by the largest earthquake to hit this country in less than forty years. Earthquakes like that one give rise to mental health problems like PTSD symptoms, but some people report far more PTSD related symptoms than others. Therefore, this study aims to understand the factors that make some earthquake survivors more prone to experience PTSD symptoms. 227 participants were part of this study (74 % females). Self- report questionnaires were used such as Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) and The Life Stressor Checklist-Revised (LSC-R). The results indicate that proximity to epicenter of earthquake, home damage, financial problems, abuse before age 16 and overall emotional abuse, past serious accidents, sudden death and loss of a loved one, level of education, and previous mental or physical problems played a role in reporting symptoms of PTSD. Nevertheless, age and gender did not play a role. Limitations and implications of this study are also discussed.

The aim of this study is to obtain a better understanding of attitudes toward HIV people from perspective of adolescents and emerging adults in Kosova. In order to examine and analyze attitudes, we have used qualitative methods as main methodological approach. In total there were four focus groups that were organized with two target groups: adolescents and emerging adults. Seven to eight subjects were part of each focus group. Thematic analysis was used to analyse focus group transcripts. Result of the study showed that attitudes of subjects towards people living with HIV were tolerant and positive. Emerging adults and female subjects tend to have more positive attitudes towards HIV people, compared with adolescents and male subjects.

At a time when the civilization is facing new challenges for the future, it seems that the school is the only one that have the task and responsibility to prepare generations to face these challenges with quick, practical and intelligent solutions. Among these challenges is the interpersonal conflict, its management and its resolution. What does the school curriculum offer for the wider knowledge of this phenomenon and its management by the students? How are the conflicts themselves managed at school? Isn’t time for the student at school to acquire conflict management skills as they acquire the other skills offered by the basic education curriculum? This article aims to provide an analysis of the phenomenon of interpersonal conflict in school and the benefits of providing a module in basic education with access to practical learning of constructive attitudes and solutions toward conflicts.