Architecture and Spatial Planning

The way Modernism as a movement in architecture proclaimed itself in Tetova is interesting to be closely followed because the emergence and rise of modernism in the city usually was seen either as novelty which is ‘violently’ installed in the city core, or as sort of the spirit of the time but that has been delayed and as such, at the very beginning was even hated. That is why the purpose of this research is to clarify dilemmas why modernism as a movement in architecture initially delayed, and after even was hated for the wrong approach to the way it is chosen to be installed in the city. From a detailed observations of the first constructions, it is required to clarify the power of the presence of Bauhaus influence in modern constructions in Tetovo, and to follow the trajectory from which an influence of this school has been brought to the city. This paper sheds some light on the presence of the two modern phases in the city; the 'white (box) architecture' and the brutalism, both in terms of the quality of their presentation through the constructed buildings, and in the way the city changed its face from the way and the amount of modernity installed for more than five decades.

Geological characteristics and features of the earth's surface include geomorphologic forms and structural geological features of the earth's surface that have been formed by geological processes over time. They include terrestrial forms and other features that have scientific, educational, historical, cultural, aesthetic values and serve as outstanding monuments of natural beauty, earth dynamism, and ongoing environmental changes throughout history. Each country has different geological and geomorphologic features, which constitute the geoheritage of that country. This geoheritage has been created in different geological times and periods accompanied by different tectonic processes and physical, chemical, and biological alienation. Over time, the processes that take place on the earth have led to the degradation of geothermal features. This degradation requires the preservation of representative characteristics, which explain the geological process over time. The purpose of this paper is to identify, analyze, and document this geoheritage in Kosovo. Afterward, the study examines its tourism potential and perspective with the aim of protection, so that it remains as a heritage for future generations. This study sampled some of the identified geomonuments in Kosovo, analyzed their characteristics, as well as the possibility of their protection and adaptation for tourist and cultural heritage purposes. This heritage, if rediscovered, protected, and adapted for tourism purposes, can play an essential role in the socio-economic regeneration of the area where it is located.

One of the challenges in construction field in Republic of Kosovo remains the digitalization of procedures for obtaining construction permits. The Municipality of Prishtina in cooperation with University for Business and Technology- UBT has realized for the first time the digitalization of the procedure of the equipment of the first phase of the construction permit, respectively equipment with Construction Conditions. This research aims to show benefits of switching from the current method of equipment with construction conditions to new digital process, 2018 statistics of equipment deadlines, until 2019, shortening procedures in case of implementation of digitalization of the procedure, the benefit of this method and the way of awareness of citizens for using the application through the online system.

Living in a space with a socio-political turbulence over the centuries and in a post war country makes artistic expression and creation difficult, especially experiencing the art, makes it almost impossible. Balkan region, as Kosovo too is known with its handicraftsman over the centuries and it is proven for the artistic expression as a part of culture of this region. But, in a postwar statement still is struggling in a new contemporary artistic expression. That’s in many cases because of the lack of will that should provide the perspectives for the future. The objective of this study is to deal with the rising the will of interest in artistic expressions treated in a contemporary building that focuses in a relationship with artistic expression and human day life. The arguments of this study will make the principal design fulfilling the needs of the society development in an artistic expression that will enhance the capacity of artists expressions and experiencing it in a contemporary way.

Human as intens of its surrounding every time more and more connects to the enviroment. While the enviroment is strange to the nature it becomes the atribute of the human life as separated from nature. Therefore the behavior of the people starts to be against to the nature. The objective of this study is to reclaim the focus on behaving with the nature in terms of the architectural design by using the predispositons of different cultures that deals with harmonising individuals with their surrounding. One of the most aproppriate ways of being in harmony with nature is provided with Chinese geomancy “Feng Shui”. With this study shows up the inputs that can be useful in oreder to settel a proppriate connection between human produced spatial organisation and nature produced spatial organisation

This document is in the required format. The paper explores the correlation between the climate change and the evolution of settlements. For analysis we picked out the civilisation centres of the extended Mediterranean and Near East regions. Based on the comparison of the selected settlements´ development stages with the charts showing the precipitation in the respective periods, we came up with a set of seven charts covering the period between 3000 BCE and 500 CE, that compare the global precipitation with the manifestation of urban and civilisation activities. The assumption that the global climate course had an impact on the formation, development, and perishing of the ancient civilisations and their cities. When numerous factors or long-term (200 – 400 years) adverse climate conditions are combined then further deterioration may lead to a mass perishing of settlements and civilisations, such as around 2300 BCE, between 1300 – 1200 BCE, and between 400 – 500 CE. The cultures and their cities were able to resist short-term periods of climate changes. It means, that these cities must have been resilient to the short-term climate deviations and the related weather wildness and that they must have been adapted to them.

Right at the beginning the core of activities causes the core of the settlement. As the studied area represents the activities of the rural zone that shaped the overview of the neighborhood, therefore at this point of view as the interior space is linked to the building, also the building is linked or integrated to the rest of the spatial organisation. The focus of the study is mainly the rural dwelling called “Kulla” that is settled in the west part of the Kosovo (that usually lie in the western part of Kosovo), respectively in the area of the Dukagjin plane. The study focuses on the dwelling not just as an urban unit but as a determinant of the spatial organisation in a neighborhood scale. By computing the information about the dwellings, study aims to provide knowledge about the certain way of living shapes the entire neighborhood as a part of the traditional culture. Therefore, regarding the paper as case study that has been chosen the Isniq valley, where still can be read the descriptors of a rural spatial development

The article is oriented on mapping urban heat islands in the area of Prague - Capital of Czech Republic. Prague City has unique structure created by historical development from pieces of inner city green spaces and city quarters of various buildings. Prague City is build on river banks of Vltava River (Moldau) and also on nearby hills, slopes and plateaus. Inside the City is about 43% of different green spaces and many nature protected areas. Main Impact of Climate Change to Prague City is concentrated on spontaneous creation of urban heat islands, rainfall water and their drainage system, also on weather wildening inside the city. Main problems are concentrated to the Center of the city, where is historical quarter UNESCO and the river. To create a good adaptation system to climate change influence in Prague City, first of all, we create a map of vulnerability to heat in the city. Then we map the green roofs in the center of City and we will prepare reliable system of new green roofs, green spaces and rain water collecting and using system. This system will be organized as mosaic of parcs, new effective green roofs and some water reservoirs and cisterns for water supply and precipitation. The ground for it is the mentioned Map of heat islands made by Space photo collection. The main goal is to decrease number of residential areas inside heat islands and better adapt the City to Climate change.

The care for children is and should be the main part of a society. Successful periods were those that had the same care for children, starting from the family as the main cell of society, followed by school which has been and is the place where children learn and get educated, then also the state and all society institutions that at any case shouldn’t leave the attention for children behind so they can also see the paths of their future. Of course family and school have the main role in this education and teaching, because that’s where everything starts, where the healthy foundation is built and also the civic formation of children, so they can grow up healthy, educated with culture and good manners. Surely that school has the delicate role because it’s the specialized institution for their education without leaving aside the health they should have during school years, because as we know they are delicate and also need the most care. Fulfilling all the elementary conditions is necessary for them, so they can also have better achievements the place where the learning process is done needs to be as comfortable as it could get, knowing that the most common complaints they have are hurting joints, spinal axe deviation, getting tired fast, distraction, which usually come from the inadequate spaces for their age. The biggest concern is from the furniture that are not the fitted ones for a children’s body which leads to the wrong posture during teaching hours, so the purpose of this research is to find the solution of this problem for every group of age in the elementary schools of the Republic of Kosovo, so we can offer them the comfort and full health during their journey. The measurements of students are done at some cities of Kosovo and these measurements help to solve this problem.

In the Albanian area, especially in Kosovo, in recent decades there has been construction of houses with the same appearance (projects). The phenomenon of building houses with the same appearance, in addition to the elements of cultural heritage, it also includes elements of social life. The construction of such houses is happening not only because of their appearance, but also to prove social equality, which equality affects the aspect of economic life, namely the preservation of social equality in a close family, or even more wide. The phenomenon of building the same houses is more present in rural areas, but there are also cases on the suburbs. This paper will address the social and economic factors that influence the construction of the same houses, including many beliefs and superstitions, which are part of the heritage of the field of construction of residential houses over the centuries. Also, this paper will include the result of a survey conducted with 120 families who have built such houses, where most of the respondents are from the area of Rrafshi i Dukagjinit (the Plateau of Dukagjin.)

Illegal constructions are defined as settlements that do not allow its residents to enjoy their rights to a standard of living, particularly housing. Privatization Agency of Kosovo (PAK), being the administrator of the socially owned property is also responsible for the treatment of the illegal constructions, as well as illegal uses of the socially owned land and entire social property. In compliance with legal qualification such constructions cases are mainly qualified as bona fide construction when the builder didn’t know that he/she built a construction on somebody else’s land) and/or Mala fide Construction (bad faith- builder knew that he/she built on somebody else’s land). However, regardless of their legal classification and consequences in both cases, mutual agreements of the party are considered as primary solutions, be it an administrative or court proceeded. Since the year 2002, legislation is changed in Kosovo and according to the applicable law in Kosovo, the administrator of the social property in Kosovo since June 2002 is the Privatization Agency of Kosovo (PAK). In this cases, Identification of the assets/buildings build or constructed without an official permission of a respective Social Enterprise (SOE) or privatization Agency of Kosovo (PAK), by PAK are considered as illegal constructions over the property administered by PAK, and are treated as such. Is the administration and the treatment of illegal constructions in socially owned property, by the Privatization Agency of Kosovo reasonable, fair and acceptable by users of those properties? Does this process need to be changed? These are the questions that will be treated in this paperwork.

During the process of transition in our country, the Social buildings' facade/wrapper had been change in crucial forms. Applying new technology methods in buildings wrapper, was a result of sophisticated intelligent automation technology, which consist a new era technical in our country infrastructure. In our country many of the old social buildings are being replaced with modern ones as a response to the needs for new spaces with different functions' interior, meanwhile this has related also for changing the wrapper of building. The wrapper project for new or existing building, require some practical analyses outside in environment, like analyzing the background of building, the effect of other building on it, making a conversation with native people and interacting with them. All of this component are necessary required for making a sustainable architecture with a modern construction techniques. The new wrapper of social building should consist with the buildings' character, providing a long life, efficiency in all forms, reflecting safety, functionality and acceptable for different majority citizens. Also, the facade of building must observable ability to create the game's sequences for leading the citizens into location. All these messages will be transmitted to citizens through the construction's architectural language following modern trends of materials and possess qualities of dynamics surfaces and wrapper volumes of buildings, grateful to advanced smart technology which has become remarkable on those decades and challenge us in the new wrapper invention. All of these topics will be explained and elaborate in the presentation and on the template during the Conference days.

This paper aims to analyze and identify the urban vegetation and green spaces in Prishtina urban area such as; parks and green spaces, vegetation, type of trees, shrubs, urban forests and woodlands, planted public flower beds, greenway, private, public gardens and other vegetation. Urban vegetation plays an important role when it comes to cope with the challenges that are related to the urban infrastructure of 21st century. During our work we have studied vegetation in five urban green spaces in the central and northern parts of the city of Prishtina, capital Republic of Kosovo.Urban vegetation and green areas presents a complex system of natural and semi-natural areas and elements in urban areas, providing a wide range of valuable ecological functions. The emerging of the modern concept of the sustainable city raises afresh the longstanding issue of the place and role of vegetation and green space in urban and suburban areas in Kosovo. Germia park of Prishtina, presents natural beauty, aesthetic and natural resource values, which are of cultural-educational scientific and recreation importance. Urban vegetation of Prishtina is comprised of a wide variety of species such as; landscaping shrubs, urban trees, flowers, woodland, tall shrub, conifers, herbaceous and other vegetation.

The transformation and development of the conceptual idea (conceptual architectural solution) in the preliminary and main architectural project design documentation for construction is successively moving from something less defined (relatively) to something comprehensive, precise and clearly defined (materialized). In this paper is analyzed process of selected consequential and inverse research and decision-making steps which resolved architectural and other problems in the development of the process. Considering the fact that the development of architectural projects is a process of permanent consequential and inverse research on aesthetic shaping and material aspects of the architectural product, architectural construction, a key thesis of this research is that creating a good and meaningful architecture can be established and achieved based on the rule of epistemology of complex scientific knowledge, highly developed modes of operation, experiential skills and capacities to systematically explore architectural problems.

We abuse the land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us. When we see the land as a community to which we belong we may begin to use it with love and respect- is a deep thinking of Aldo Leopold. This promotes a regenerative shift in the sustainability concept, no longer only considering resources and energy, but also significant human-centric attributes and a space. This paper presents the context in which urban planners can contribute to raising the values of sustainability, attitudes and behavior in future regenerative societies, while critically analyzing 20 years of continuous profound change in the urban legal framework in our country. Finally, the task of our role in the emerging "integrative humanities’ planning" is outlined with education promoted as a essential driver in moving from sustainability to regenerative paradigms with the support of adequate legal frameworks

What makes a space successful is an intriguing question as it involves one of the most ambiguous entities of our built environment, from larger scale – urban space – to the smallest intimate space - our home and our individual room. This paper, using Space Syntax as a theory and analytical tool, through a comparative method of spatial patterns of past precedents and present case studies, examines the role of composition and configuration on making a space successful or at the contrary unsuccessful. In an era of globalization, it seems that the characteristics of various types of housing and their regional features have been forgotten, so the main focus of the research is concentrated in the residential buildings, especially analyzing and comparing some legible regional and vernacular patterns with the contemporary patterns of housing in Kosovo. Finally, the paper aims to explore and reveal patterns of space planning as a product of social, cultural, technical-technological and political constraints.

This paper focuses on the architectural and urban environment of Thrace region during the Ottoman Empire and its perceptions witnessed by Western travelers from 15th to early 20th century. Due to their expansion in the Balkans’ region, a remarkable effort was done by the Ottoman Turks to replace the Byzantine hegemony in those lands. Thrace region, herewith introduced as a case study, present an impressive number of artifacts which were planned or reorganized by the new rulers to enhance the conquered and ‘Ottomanized’ territories. Many of those artefacts disappeared in time and thanks to the travelers who left several written descriptions or sketchbooks while crossing those lands, today we can better understand the achievement reached by the Ottomans, in terms of artistic and architectural assess. Within this framework, the paper aims to highlight some of those masterpieces in Thrace as an expression of such remarkable Ottoman heritage and how the contribution of travel literature today can open new perspectives to recognize such urban and architectural environment.

Our buildings and cities are under constant pressure from destructive forces coming from fires, storms, earthquakes, flooding, and even intentional wars and terrorist attacks. These increasing threats underscore the urgent need for resiliency strategies for addressing climate- related risks or other interruptions, to maintain livable conditions in the event of these disasters. The purpose of the research is to promote and find opportunities to implement the concept of resilience in Kosovo, to respond to vulnerabilities to disaster and disruption of the normal life. It will create strategies to improve existing and future architecture and spatial planning that will make the basement for resilient community and city, and serve as a new concept to all stakeholders in the process of planning and evaluating the risks related to natural disasters.

The main function of art galleries is the promotion of fine arts. Different arts are considered as drawings, pictures, figurines, wires or installation art. Young artists dream of displaying their artwork in the gallery because it is a way to start building their career. Art worshipers visit art galleries and explore the artworks exhibited. If the artwork is good, it will gain recognition and there will be an opportunity for the artist to be well-known. Art galleries have two classifications: the exclusive and open audience. Exclusive art galleries are held for the private purpose of promoting and selling works of art. On the other hand, the public gallery is open or generally called a museum that displays artwork of renowned artists and makes them available for public viewing either temporarily or permanently. Talented people can paint, write, dance or sing mercilessly at what other people find it difficult to do. Those people who possess abilities that significantly exceed others and become great in their field are called artists. There is something that all artists want to achieve, which means their art is displayed in art galleries and made them sold.

Today the number of children playgrounds in parks in their neighborhoods is significantly smaller. This study presents some neighborhoods of the city of Pristina, whereas a comparison is taken the neighborhoods which were built before 1999 and those built after 1999. Before 1999, the city of Pristina generally had urbanized neighborhoods, but from 1999 onwards, due to political, economic, and social changes, many new neighborhoods were built, whereas a result a new organization of collective life began. , with reduced public spaces. In general, nowadays as a priority in the new neighborhoods of Pristina are parking spaces for businesses, shops, and access to buildings. Hereupon, the purpose of this study is to examine the existing cases of children's playgrounds park in different neighborhoods and compare them in the social and urban aspects to shed light on the quality and common living conditions for children.

The city, the urban space is in the process of continuous urban change, a process that is encouraged by complex structures and systems, a process that also needs to be addressed, discussed to be addressed and redirected. The topic of my study is the city center as a central and representative area of each city with, the application of spatial syntax analysis in urban research and planning. Sustainable development of a solution that can be characterized by a process in which the quality of life is developed in such a way that social and economic life is not a threat to the survival of environmental elements and ensure the improvement of their continuity. An appropriate downtown infrastructure solution that would provide a resilient center that is able to change. It is an attempt to multidisciplinary thinking as an urban phenomenon in all dimensions at once: social, ecological, economic and cultural. The process, which will be a continuation, which defines a number of steps in transforming the city for the coming decades.

In this paper will be treated the topic; Contemporary Architecture of social buildings in Pristina, during the years 2000-2015. The research aims to inform the reader about the history of architectural buildings, inspiration, time of construction, operation of the building, materials and the way of design which was used in the years in which it was built. The information obtained from the research, shows in detail the way of architectural creation of the work, as a characteristic building of the time which is rich with a series of technological and artistic features which give value to the building and represent in a dignified way the style of to whose construction the work in question belongs. In addition to the theoretical explanations which are part of the research documentation, the features of using photography as a document tool of contemporary architecture in the period 2000-2015 have been analyzed to more easily understand the features of the building in question and document the current situation.

This paper focuses on development of design program for the “Center for treatment and rehabilitation from drug and alcohol addiction” based on the statistics on substance abuse conducted by different non-governmental organizations in Republic of Kosova. Due to the fact that in Kosovo this problem has been almost neglected, the need to create such rehabilitation center that would offer shelter and help to these people is absolutely necessary. As an output of this paper will be the ideal design of this center, which correlates on its own the features of contemporary architecture. By implementing this architecture methodology in the design of this center, we aim to merge the building with the surrounding nature, which will create a positive environment and will affect in physical and psychological wellbeing of the patients. Commencing with analyzing the surveys and statistics conducted by different institutions in Kosovo and worldwide, continuing with the review of the theoretical framework on biophilic architecture, this project work will place special emphasis on development of ideal design for such rehabilitation center, always based on analysis of existing buildings that apply such design.

Technology development and change of the family structure are the factors, which have influenced the need to change functional aspect of the multi-family apartments. As a result, there is a need to adapt existing buildings. In these cases, the issue is more complicated in existing multi-family apartments, which do not possess structural longevity, and especially in cases where it cannot be achieved through certain interventions. In sustainable architecture most important elements are; structural longevity and functional longevity. Interventions have been proposed in the existing multi-family apartments, which possess a skeletal construction system. The skeletal system is known as a suitable constructive system, especially when it comes to flexibility in architecture. The changes were made based on the average number of inhabitants that lives in residential units. In order to achieve the necessary flexibility have helped the extensions that have been attached to the building, without losing its architectural identity.

The previous government found that e-business of public institutions, especially in the implementation of laws directly related to urban planning, investment and construction of buildings includes 4 key laws: Law on Construction Land, Law on Construction of Buildings, Law on Spatial and Urban Planning, Law on Cadastre and real estate. These are the foundations on which software solutions have been made for the implementation of legal proceedings in these areas. All this has led to being country ranked 10th out of 190 countries in the world on the Doing Business list in 2019. This system enables an efficient, transparent and unified way of acting of all competent bodies and entities according to the most modern standards, in the shortest possible time based on the submitted document-request. After those years of application of this system, this paper deals with a critical analysis of the current implementation and recording of possible weaknesses

In this study, the influence of blast furnace content on the magnesium sulfate resistance of the perlite geopolymer mortars was investigated. For the purpose, perlite was activated with 10M NaOH solution and blast furnace slag was replaced by perlite in three different proportions according to the CaO/SiO2 oxide ratio. The ultrasound pulse velocity, flexural strength (ffs) and compressive strength, water absorption, and magnesium sulfate durability of the geopolymer mortars were investigated. The test results indicated that the blast furnace slag improved the mechanical properties and the magnesium sulfate resistance of the perlite geopolymer mortars.

The historical city center and its surroundings in Pristina have an important urban texture remaining from the Ottoman Period, which are of great importance in terms of urban identity. Despite this, this area has undergone a great change within the scope of modern urban approaches, especially during the Yugoslavia Period (1945-1999). The areas considered as wear down or dysfunctional have been demolished while institutional facilities, public squares and cultural facilities have been built in those areas. Other areas of the city are full of unplanned buildings. High-rise building, neglect of old houses ones, restorations on the basis of parcels and wrong applications of these restorations have increased the destruction in the cultural area. With the boundaries of the historical area being still undetermined, the problem of protection is getting worse and deeper. Although some cultural monuments that have survived to the present day have been partially preserved, in Kosovo, the tradition of preserving cultural heritage in urban scale as well as treating it wıth an integrated approach has not evolved enough. This phenomenon is seen strikingly in the example of Pristina. This study focuses on the historical district of the city of Pristina. It focuses on the changes of the city of Pristina in the time-space context, while the cultural heritage of the city is treated in relation to the urban whole. In this context, within the scope of Urban Protection - Cultural Heritage - Urban Identity - Planning relations, it is aimed to identify the problems related to the conservation of the historical city center of Pristina and to develop suggestions for the protection of the urban sites and cultural heritage.

Early childhood education has a special importance among all other education processes because development is shaped at a large extent during the 0-6-year period of children. Even though preschool education is the basis that determines the success of students in further education, this level has not been treated with priority in educational policies in Kosovo. This is best evidenced by the challenges faced by preschool education, including: inadequate distribution of preschool institutions in the country, small number of public preschool institutions, lack of appropriate infrastructure for children's age, not offering 24/7 services and daily care, lack of didactic and expendable materials which are needed to organize activities where they enable learning through games. This study aims to conduct research and practice design solutions for kindergarten including a group of children with disability and nursing homes for elderly. For children to meet their intellectual and spiritual needs, this project will provide services and care in intergenerational classes, with the opportunity to interact with elderly. Also, because of the dynamics of the lives of two parents, who are facing work-related emergencies, this project will offer the opportunity to bring their children and parents to 24-hour care. Solving this problem will meet their daily needs of children, parents and elderly generation. The motive of this study is to connect young and old in symbiosis with all the services, needs and care. This place will be a home for everyone where they can live in complete peace as a family, without worries and problems.

The mountainous region of "Reka e Epërme" lies in the northwestern part of northern Macedonia, between Gostivar and Dibra, and includes the upper reaches of the Radika River. The roof system-bondruku / contemporary / is one of the most attractive construction systems for individual family residential construction. Unfortunately, in our country, it is still very little sought after and unattractive. Pieter Cornelis Mondriaan, (March 7, 1872 - February 1, 1944) was a Dutch painter and theorist considered one of the greatest artists of the 20th century. He is known to be one of the pioneers of 20th-century abstract art, as he changed his artistic direction from figurative painting to an increasingly abstract style until he reached a point where his artistic vocabulary was reduced to elements simple geometric. In the ceilings of many houses in "Reka e Epërme", as well as in the painting of stairs and areas, cupboards, and some other spaces, we find the art of Piet Mondrian as a color combination of colors.

Two thousand years ago, Roman author and architect, Vitruvius (c. 80–70 BC – after c. 15 BC) insisted that all buildings should have three attributes: firmitas (strength), utilitas (utility), and venustas (beauty). While the first two components are precisely defined, third one, because of its artistic features, is relatively undefined and the topic of many discussions between different theorists even nowadays. Starting from the point of view that the architectural form is not simply the manifestation of geometric shapes that participated on the composition, but also the nature of materials, textures, light and many other components, the focus of this paper is to highlight and define the potential of basic geometric shapes (Platonic Solids) on the overall esthetic communication of the architectural form. In this context, has been analyzed the opus of one of the most significant architects of nowadays, Tadao Ando, who is notable for shaping his buildings using very pure geometrical shapes.

Many businesses have used different methods to present their interior design products and one of the most important ones is the use of Photography to present the product in digital and physical catalogs. We will look at how products are presented through computer- generated images. Through this study is investigated, the impact of 3D performance to expose the product model, as well as a brief history of the photograph and how it is used to present the product, problems encountered during the use of photographs to present the product are discussed design and how new technologies have enabled us to solve these problems. It also mentions what these technologies are and how they can be used to promote our product modeling.

Professional education is a type of education that prepares people to work in certain professions, e.g. in trade, handicrafts, techniques, or professions such as engineering, accounting, nursing, medicine, architecture, etc. Craft professions are usually based on manual or practical activities, and are traditionally non-academic but are usually related to a particular activity or profession. Professional education is commonly considered career education or technical education. It is concerning for Kosovo to have such a large number of inactive young people who are not employed, do not attend education or training. In 2019 there were 106.950 young people aged (15 to 24) who made up 31.7% of the young population, 54.4 thousand are females and 52.5 thousand are males who are out of school. This research aims to reflect the performance of professional schools. So how do they work, what they address, what are their goals, how do they increase awareness among uneducated citizens? This project will serve the people and the municipality, creating an innovative, educational, working space, which is followed by the generation of new jobs, the creation of staff for work, which will directly serve the economic, educational development of the city of Prizren. The professional school created by the demands of the citizens will serve them as a new beginning for education and employment, where after attending this school the young people will be adequate workers in various fields such as: kitchen, machinery, electrician, technologist, salesman, agronomist, welding, maintenance and repair, etc. The topic of this paper is of special importance for the people of Prizren and the south region of Kosovo as a whole, as there is no such school in this region.

The focus of this research is to implement the smart city methodology and develop smart city indicators for Prishtina, as capital city of Kosova, in order to develop a reference model for monitoring the success of Kosovo large cities in the future. Starting that as notion, “SMART” as for the cities is very young and not available in real Development Plans, therefore and Governing of the cities in Kosovo, this is of importance for the future of Prishtina and other main Kosovo cities. The purpose of the research is to determine/evaluate the development of smart city indicators for Prishtina through six dimensions of the smart city model: smart economy, smart people, smart governance, smart mobility, smart environment and smart living. The smart city indicators are based on publicly accessible data and easily available sources, evaluate their comparative advantages. In addition, web scraping techniques were used to obtain data that are not available from public sources. The main results of the research include an assessment of the smart urban development index and ranking of cities according to the degree of urban development. Measures for promoting smart development would have to be proposed to city policy- makers. The research results have implications for increasing rationality in the use of local public resources.

The purpose of this manuscript is to make this manuscript applicable and functional in practice. The basis for starting the design of this project is MDP - Lipjan, the decision of M.A. Lipjan for the formation of EZ. EZs are suitable physical spaces and objects in a well- controlled and managed environment, in a convenient location, which is a very important element in the development of enterprises of a country. Thus, EZs are also measuring instruments of the economic development of the country. The economic benefit of building the Economic Zone would be manifold. If it is assumed the full utilization of its capacity, with the creation of new jobs, the establishment of the economy in all sectors of the economic development of Lipjan, to this fact must be added the raising of the standard of living. The basic goal of spatial planning and regulation is to create a suitable environment for achieving the vision and strategic priorities for economic development, through an active and systematic cooperation with all actors and development factors operating in the Municipality of Lipjan. In this study, it is presented a description of the profile of the Municipal Assembly - Lipjan, in many aspects, as the identification and description of the problem on the establishment of the EZ, the relevant conditions and laws for the establishment of the EZ, analysis of the MDP, EIA, as well as the spatial planning of that part for the formation of the EZ.

Urban planning plays a key role in the global response to climate change and its impact on water resources. Therefore, the management of water resources and their consideration in sustainable urban planning is a challenge for planners, which will be increasingly emphasized in the future. In this paper, by comparing the current situation in the city of Gostivar in R.N.Macedonia and the planned situation with the General Urban Plan, the possibilities for greater respect for water resources in urban development are perceived. It is concluded that, for the specific case in urban planning, there are opportunities to improve water resources management, as an important segment of sustainable urban development. It is recommended that the management of water resources in urban areas be fully integrated into the urban planning process, in order to create conditions for sustainable urban development.

This research was carried out using qualitative research methods to explore the phenomenon of creative clusters and their relationship to urban image formation in the city. Based on relevant literature, the influence of creative industries on various urban socio- economic factors is analyzed. The impact on economic growth, innovation and the demand for livability of creative urban districts is discussed. The results indicate that the studied city is about to make a shift towards new approach by incorporating design and knowledge into its urban image. In this way, the studied city participates in the creative knowledge economy and radiates this by following the trend of creative clusters. The purpose of the city’s marketing strategy is to inspire economic growth by recruiting creative and knowledge-based workers capable of providing innovative novel products and services. Within this strategy the creative cluster model is used as motivational drive for engaged workers, community members and investors. The ultimate goal related to the city image is the acknowledgment of interested parties concerned with the excitement and progressiveness of the city in terms of creativity and innovation. The ways in which a specific urban zone is used for the whole city image are primarily directed to attracting international attention and recognition, with the ultimate prospect of better positioning in the global market of cities and the overarching knowledge economy.

The housing sector in Kosovo is facing the same challenges as other post-communist countries during the transition period. The migration of the population from rural areas to suburban urban areas, led to the development of rapid trends in the construction of residential buildings in co-ownership. The lack of capacities in the relevant municipal directorates for fast provision of sustainable urban planning, led to the construction of many residential buildings in co-ownership, without construction conditions and without construction permits. Institutional delays in establishing and harmonizing procedures in the planning and construction process, such as the Municipal Development Plan, Urban Development Plan, Urban Regulatory Plans, were indicators for the development of numerous construction processes without construction conditions, without construction permits, and especially in the construction of residential buildings in co-ownership. This process has degraded the property market and affected the precarious possession of property because illegal buildings cannot be registered in the cadastre or legally transferred, used or used as collateral. The problem of illegal construction in Kosovo is a phenomenon that requires treatment. This phenomenon is not only present in our country, but affects the entire region and beyond, which according to statistics throughout the Western Balkans is considered to be over 2 million illegal constructions. The process of legalization of residential buildings in joint ownership, aims to treat illegally constructed buildings throughout the territory of the Republic of Kosovo, to provide these buildings with the legalization certificate and to carry out the process of registration of buildings in the Cadastre and Register of Immovable Property Rights. This Legalization process should be developed with the aim of creating simplified legalization procedures, free taxes to help citizens enjoy their property rights. Owners will realize benefits from their property which will be legalized and will increase economic development in the country and in households. The realization of the legalization process and the placement of these properties in ownership certificates by all these owners of illegal constructions, will increase the absolute value of household income. The Government would also benefit from legalization, which would collect property tax revenues. The realization of this legalization process within a time frame as soon as possible, will solve the problem for hundreds of families and at the same time will put into circulation billions of euros. This means economic development of the Republic of Kosovo.

Cities are under the rapid urban development, somewhere even without adequate urban planning! As cities are growing, less open spaces as “spaces for all” are there, more inhabitants as multi- cultural and multi- social value are there!  High density everywhere (lack of open space)  Dominant high-rise buildings (lack of human scale)  Low rate of interrelation between urban units (lack of urban functionality) Because of the fact that public space is not static- it evolves over the time; in the cities of Kosova, urban functionality and the meaning of the public space is a problematic issue, knowing that most of the cities didn’t have continual urban planning as a result of urbocide (urban-genocide) that Serbia has made systematically during the years there! So, developing adequate public urban spaces (functional and aesthetical values) meant that they should promote community involvement, because of their unique character and because of the fact that public space is considered as “incomparable teacher” of social skills and attitudes for all categories of citizens there!

The purpose of this study is to reveal how the phenomenon of redevelopment is affecting the historical urban layers of the city of Tirana and expecially the transformation of the city center. The National Theatre of Albania, builded under Albanian monarchy, by the italian company Patter Milano, the project was designed by Gulio Berte, italian architect. is part of this transformation, even though it faced a vibrant opposition, capable to have a repercursion in all the city and to other social movements connected to the right for housing. The demolition of the National Theatre opens many investigative questions, and on the future of the city, seriously affecting the nearby neighborhoods - now-days under gentrification process. Through a mixed design of the urban layers the research brings anexplanatory methodology based on field observations and interviews. Results of the study shows that the process of the city center transformation is causing social, economical and cultural effects. During this redevelopment process, there have been losts important urban footprints by affecting the historical inhabitants and conseguetly the rights under adequate housing definition, such is tenure right and cultural adequacy.

In the municipality of Albanik, there are ruins of a settlement of the Roman period known as the Municipium DarDanorum. Municipium DD., Belongs to the Illyrian-Roman Antiquity, with a very favorable geographical, geostrategic position, near the lower course of the river Ibar, with fertile lands and mountainous areas rich in abundant ores and forests that gave it importance and a great economic, political and ecclesiastical development of this city. Municipiumi DD, constitutes the triangle of communication between Ulpiana and Skup, providing also trade routes which passed through Dardania during the ancient and medieval period. In the area of Municipium DD, there are the ruins of the Illyrian-Roman Forum, the Basilica and many mural fragments in an area of about 30 ha. The ancient settlement of Municipium DD is of great importance as in the course of the river Ibar in the territory of Kosovo is the only one and offers good opportunities for many visitors "if that part of the territory of Kosovo would be managed by state institutions and be created complete security.