Information Systems and Security

Health information systems (HIS) are globally renowned for their great in-formation processing and dissemination power. Due to this they can readily avail past patient medical information across the continuum of care in order to facilitate on going treatment. However, a number of existing HIS are habitually designed as vertical silos with no interoperability onuses and there-fore, cannot exchange patient information. At the same time little knowledge is known about the intricacies that usually surround HIS’ interoperability implementations. Nevertheless, to advance understanding of the intricacies of HIS’ interoperability implementations, several researchers highly recommend thorough analysis of the systems’ context of integration. Therefore, this study employs an institutional lens perspective to investigate contextual factors with an impact on the design and management of Health-information-systems’ interoperability. Through this perspective, the following seven contextual factors were arrived at: institutional autonomism, in-tended system goals, existing health information systems, national HIS implementation guidelines, interoperability standards, policy at both local and international scenes, and resources in terms of labor and capital. A further study implication is the use of institutional lens in making sense of the systems’ context of integration, in order to discover salient factors with an impact on Health-information-systems’ interoperability designing.

The focus of this paper describes the designing procedure of Small hydro power plant implemented in Restelica River, Kosovo. For normal operation of the Small hydro power plant, there must be done measurements of the river basin annually water flow, hydraulic net head of water, to calculate sustainability of water flow, flow duration curve, flow rate, configuration units depending on flow rate etc. The choice of the turbines was made depending on head and flow rate of water from which has resulted in the installation of different turbines that have fit better those conditions. The head losses in penstock are estimated to be in the percentage (%) of the hydraulic gross head, depending on the length of the penstock, its diameter, sustainability of flow rate and its velocity. Since the water flow, it's not stable enough for production 3.018 MW electricity from one turbine, in this case, are proposed to installing three different turbines. This paper aims to determine the best efficiency of Small hydro power plants SHPP Restelica 1,2 and 3, with three turbines during operation depending on rated discharge per unit. If we rely only on the gross level of water drop in the respective turbine, then for all three power plants, Restelica 1, 2 and 3, it follows that the most favorable turbines will be those of Francis. But when optimizing a particular type of turbine for a particular location, one must also consider the amount of water that will pass through the turbine in question.

As a concept applied to the global political developments of recent decades, this paper will reveal and highlight the impacts and effects of E-Governance on the governance of a country, as a platform or system where the inclusion of society in government is done freely and democratically through digital service delivery. E-Governance through Information Systems has made sense for the proper management of democratic elements in the types of governance of a nation or even of the smaller social groups within it. Interestingly, the paper addresses the fact of governing transparency in developing countries and the involvement of society in decision-making, excluding their traditional elements of state bureaucracy. This paper also addresses the effects and advantages of E-Government across all types of government (central, local, ethnic groupings or ethnicities, etc.), as well as indicators of the managerial effects of different policies through systems management. Recognition and the most positive outcomes or meeting the expectations of both policy and citizens through the use of E-Government are recognized as the results of policy management stemming from E-democracy, and digital governance, where transparency and accountability are the most positive indicators of managing information systems and E-Government applications.

Banks are one of the main sectors to benefit from information systems. The nature of the banking industry along with other financial industries includes information and trust. Being in the service industry, banks need more information. Technologies like cloud-computing and other Internet-based information storage systems have allowed banks to provide state-of-the-art customer service to customers while maintaining the market competitiveness required for business profitability. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the importance of information systems, their use and provision in financial institutions, as well as the problems, threats and attacks faced by financial institutions, strategies for their protection and application of standards.

In the contemporary world, the modern geospatial information system (GIS), based on the integrated data systems, ranging from data on mines and minerals; road infrastructure, water supply, sewage, energy, garbage collection; protected areas, health data, up to the register of properties, businesses, and the population register is used to increase the performance of public and private sector. Structuring spatial data and opening it up for easy use helps the society in reducing the administrative burden regarding to the real estate, spatial planning, estate tax administration and its evaluation. In the execution of the community action plan for the environmental policy setting (Directive 2007/2 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2007, establishing European Community Spatial Information Infrastructure - INSPIRE Directive), since 2009 the implementation of some important large-scale development projects GIS have also been launched in some European countries, but also in our country, with the aim of improving spatial and descriptive data and related spatial statistics concerning properties, processing, maintenance and data exchange. This paper will describe the current state of spatial data and the possibility of their reorganization in order for their use and function to be much easier for communities, implementing so the European regulations and directives on spatial data.

This study attempts to capture a holistic view of the phenomenon of ageing and what kind of impact information and communication technologies can have on the quality of life in ageing society, with special focus on health care. The systemic view recognizes the different perspectives of patients, front line care providers and the health care organization. The ultimate goal is to scrutinize the value co-creation opportunities as well as the challenges and risks when innovative technology is implemented in a complex service ecosystem. The empirical material is collected through an observational study at an elderly care unit in Tokyo, Japan, where robots are used in order to facilitate different kinds of social interaction among the elderly patients. In this context, it is highly relevant to discuss what kind of innovations can be considered as both desirable and feasible – and how the decisions can best be guided by different perspectives

Advanced Operations Management (AOM) is dealing with ever greatest complexity, which in order to function requires increased flexibility and high working speed of production systems and processes. The integration of information technology is comprehended by the development and use of cyber-physical systems, which actually are the enablers of well-known "Industry 4.0”. The ongoing discussions about the "digital revolution" and "competitive disruptive advantages" have led to the creation of such a business vision named "Industry 4.0." However, the concept of Industry 4.0 and its impact on business operations is producing many challenges. This research addresses and examines the consequences and potentials of Industry 4.0 on advanced business transformation processes. Industry 4.0 consists of the functional integration of Cyber-Physical Systems, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Data Science (data security) to provide the potential for the functioning of new technologies such as the Internet of Things and vice-versa. The research exploits qualitative and quantitative approaches to data collection and analysis based on literature and on the case studies. The involvement of this research is focused on the identification and analyses of needs, problems, and benefits related to the implementation of Industry 4.0 on business operations.

Dairy industry is considered one of the most dynamic and consolidated industries in agricultural sector within the country, but it face many challenges to compete with products coming from abroad. In the other hand the infrastructure has improved in whole value chain during the years, through the grants from government, European commission, USAID, and other international organizations, but there are plenty of opportunities for improvement. Considering all stakeholders involved in the process, it would be possible to create better model, and systems that allow the industry to grow and be more profitable. The aim of this research is to scan the current milk logistics, analyze, than find the gaps and opportunities to optimize the collection process from farmers and distribution to merchants process, from collection centers point of view. The impact of transport in dairy industry value chain, is related with preserving the quality of milk products, time saving, cost cutting through good analysis and finding the right model for collection, cooperation with farmers, also expanding sales through better distribution models, and improving the brand and marketing. Analysis will also provide some important data regarding the infrastructure, from road network in the country, transportation vehicles and cooling infrastructure in the farms. This research explain the process from farmers premises to collection center, than an example of packing, loading and unloading phases, but it doesn’t deal with the milk processing processes inside the collection center.

In this paper, we present the calculation of the determinants based on Sarus rule. It is observed that the Sarus rule for third-order can be used even for higher orders, but the rule for the placement of the sign “+” or “-“ is different from what is currently used for the third order. During the calculations, it is noted that the rule of the placement of the mark is repeated the same pattern for each 4k order. Also, there are presented the computer functions to calculate the nth order determinants using Sarus rule.

As various technological platforms and algorithms are getting more and more sophisticated and present in human lives, the data privacy is becoming one of the most sensitive issues in human-computer interaction. This paper presents a qualitative research on the level the young people in Kosovo are aware of the possible privacy violations in social networks, as well as on the degree they expose their private data in Facebook and Instagram. The data privacy awareness and exposure phenomena are time-varying, location-related, socially-dependent etc., which bring up the need for continuous surveys on this topic. While relying on best practices and actual privacy guidelines, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted. The study involves young population who are supposed to be mostly present/active in social networks. In this case for practical reasons, participants are mainly students of computer sciences. Generally, the results show relatively low awareness and high privacy exposure in social networks. Female participants show much higher awareness and concerns on data privacy. Somewhat paradoxically, they seem to expose much more of personal details in social networks.

In this project, the implementation of a framework development of a web application for the Alumni management, has been analyzed thoroughly. The PHP programming language has been used as a part of this framework. The main aim has been the achievement of conclusion about the benefits and the weaknesses of the usage of a particular framework during the development of such Web Application compared to the development of a Web Application without the usage of such framework. Furthermore, during the development of this Web Application, it has been necessary to use new innovative technologies that have recently developed very rapidly and which support and quicken the development of applications, such as the implementation of the framework name "Bootstrap" which is mainly used to design the view of Web Application and also facilitate vastly the implementation of the three main components: HTML, CSS and JavaScript.

Through this paper is i would like to address the issue of information security risk management as well as how organizations perceive risk. During the work I did not make any significant difference from how local organizations or companies in Kosovo operate alongside international ones; this is because there is little difference in the way they operate. In Kosovo as well as internationally, organizations are at risk of perhaps the same nature, except for the probability that they may be greater based on the nature of the organization and the global perception that our institutions and organizations have in our country. In addition, this paper will elaborate on the risk management process, the steps and considerations that must be taken into account to consider that proper and necessary information security management is in place. The forms and ways that are considered appropriate risk management practices in the information and security industry will be discussed.

Since the end of the 1980s, there have been several initiatives to control and manage IT environments. ITIL is one of the more successful models, COBIT another. However, thanks to the IP protocol and Internet, since mid-2000 the world has seen a veritable data explosion, affecting IT governance. Some predictions expect current data volumes to grow more than 10 times till 2020, having serious implications both from governance and security perspectives. Additionally, we see some new EU regulations, i.e., Network and Information Security Directive (NIS) and General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), implemented in May 2018. The latter two will directly affect the scope of IT governance within the European Union and for non-European entities handling EU Citizen’s personal data, with substantial fines if not complying. Both regulations forces anyone handling such data to consider information strategies that include big data management, governance, and information security as a convoluted context. Particularly, GDPR make them to related questions, a governance package. This creates a need for a paradigm shift to remediate/mitigate identified limitations in today’s traditional governance models. This article discusses governance from a holistic perspective, based on the data flow, as per the requirements of GDPR. These are the issues which were not envisioned when today’s governance models were designed in the late 1980s or early 1990s.

Monitoring environment changes has become a necessity as a result of current environment deteriorating due to natural and human activities. Acquiring information concerning the spatial and dynamic changes for a rapit vegetation monitoring is not easy. Therefore the present study provides monitoring of the spatial vegetation changes using geospatial technologies such as Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS). In order to monitor and evaluate the spatial vegetation change, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) technique will be employed. The NDVI technique involves the use of remote sensed data in two time series, annually (2000 and 2018) extracted from Landsat satellites. The NDVI technique can be employed for monitoring vegetation cover and it’s values range from -1 (barren area of rock) to 1 (dense vegetation). The performed results in the study will be for 2000 and 2018 for a specific part of Mitrovica, Kosova. The validation of results were made through field checks. The present study has demonstrated that the vegetation was changed rapidly, in the last years. Furthermore, the study will answer to the many questions for spatial and temporal vegetation changes in Mitrovica and its change ratio as well..

Temporal analysis is very useful and important for digital forensics for reconstructing the timeline of digital events. Forgery of a file's timestamp can lead to inconsistencies in the overall temporal relationship, making it difficult to analyze the timeline in reconstructing actions or events and the results of the analysis might not be reliable. The purpose of the timestamp change is to hide the data in a steganographic way, and the other purpose is for anti-forensics. In both cases, the time stamp change tools are requested to use. In this paper, we propose a classification method based on the behavior of the timestamp change tools. The timestamp change tools are categorized three types according to patterns of the changed timestamps after using the tools. By analyzing the changed timestamps, it can be decided what kind of tool is used. And we show that the three types of the patterns are closely related to API functions which are used to develop the tools.

ATM Bank Cards have greatly influenced the changing of traditional banking practice and the evolving development of Information and Communication Technology has brought many changes to nearly all aspects of life. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of fingerprint authentication, ease of use and security in using the banking cards. After a comprehensive literature review, this study provides statistical analysis, by means of a questionnaire distributed to study the effect of the fingerprint authentication, the ease of use and the security on the usage of the banking cards. As regards the results obtained from the questionnaire, all of Cronbach's Alpha values are within an acceptable level. While regarding the correlation, the usage, fingerprint authentication and ease of use are strongly correlated, but the correlation of security and other variables is weak. In the regression analysis, the positive effect on the use of bank cards was observed in all independent variables.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and discuss the importance of Digital Technology in Banking business processes. There is a valuable evidence in the literature and within the banking business practices showing the processes of digitalization in the banking system is getting more frequent. In this regard, this research observes the implementation of digital technology in banking business processes and their role on the development of the distribution network through financial institutions. The digital technology implementation within the banking industry is assumed to have faced difficulties when comes to prove the overall bank productivity and cost reduction. The qualitative research is conducted with the aim of selecting and analyzing primary data, and the survey research is conducted aiming at quantitative data analyses throughout a structured questionnaire. The main assumption articulated in this research is that the implementation of digital technology significantly increases the productivity of bank operations. The subsequent assumption is about the return on investment on digital technology in banking sector.

In today’s era big data has major impact on business decisions, being key determinant for further business development. Ongoing publicity for big data has been gained from all stakeholders, namely, academics and professionals, as big data leads to valuable knowledge and promotion of activity of companies. This paper examines big data definitions, starting from existing one and covering big data characteristics also. However, the main objective of this paper is to explore and elaborate potential impact of big data and its challenges in specific sectors in Kosovo, and various tools associated with it. Based on the survey data, paper shows if recent trends in the field of big data technologies are used in business decision making process and if yes, to which extend it will affect business decisions of selected companies in Kosovo. As a result, specific possibilities are explored whether new technologies could help business decision process. Final goal is to show if these models can impact positively decision-making process in order to maximize profit.

Using technology can be seen as an innovative challenge to restructure the teaching- learning process and integrate LMS in independent, collaborative and interactive work. Teaching and Learning are no longer restricted to traditional classrooms, while e-learning has become one of the most powerful supporting tools which have diversified the traditional context of learning in higher education. Knowledge management system is one of information system that supporting knowledge management implementation in government which categorized as people perspective, because this system has high dependency in human interaction and participation. Strategic plan for developing knowledge management system can be determine using some of information system strategic methods. This paper conducted to define type of strategic method of information system, stage of activity each method, strength and weakness. Literature review methods used to identify and classify strategic methods of information system, differentiate method type, categorize common activities, strength and weakness. The results showed that higher education institutions preparation stage regarding the application of e-learning, whereas private ones have applied this system since their foundation, and use it on daily basis where they perform all the services. They are a step forward related to demand- based learning that means giving the student more freedom of choice in his or her learning program.

Organizing an exhibition is no easy feat. This process is further complicated with the 2020 pandemic-specific conditions. In this paper, the artist and the curator duo will discuss their personal example of organizing a site-specific exhibition in Prishtina, Kosovo, with a special focus on the materials they had to produce to support the exhibited artworks. From the inability to organize an exhibition opening event, to the videos, poster-images, and social media text, as well as zine-inspired catalogue they had to device in order to not only promote the exhibition, but also make it accessible and enticing for small groups of people that will be viewing it independently (so as to observe the social distancing rules). A special focus will be given to reviewing the creative process for the design of the zine-catalogue, the creation of the promo-video, as well as the decisions concerning the overall aesthetics of these works which had to comply and be in tune with the exhibited artworks. Solving these pandemic-specific problems was as much a matter of design as was of an impresario’s event organisation.

Machine Learning and Robust Optimization techniques can significantly improve logistics operations and improve stock quantity and maintenance intervals. Machine Learning will be used to forecast item demands for each of the vending machines, taking into account past demands and calendar effects. By performing such predictions which are forwarded to a Robust Optimization model, and whose outputs will be the cash transport that each vending machine should require. These transports guarantee that demand is fulfilled up to the desired confidence level, preventing downtime of vending machines due to unplanned maintenance and out-of-stock situations, while also satisfying additional constraints arising in this particular domain. As a result of such operations, we expect productivity improvements of vending machines from 20-40%.

The whole world was involved since the end of last year and nowadays from the global Covid-19 pandemic and moreover dictated and reflected drastic changes in community life across the globe. Under these conditions, the population faced isolation and disruption of activities and life chain in most countries around the globe. The Republic of Kosovo also faced the situation of isolation and interruption of many processes where the most essential was that of educating children and education of university generations, where based on the importance of this process, distance learning resumed within few days, in conditions of at home, with little or no familiar methods for both academic staff and students. If we refer to the learning effect and learning outcomes during this new application as a concept and technically for the staff and students, it was noted that in the entirety of the elements that made up the process, there were technical difficulties and diversity in the possibility of Internet access, and various computer platforms applied to successfully carry out the learning process, where, by our educational institution, UBT College has put into operation and made available the integrated Moodle system and various online platforms. As a method of technological development, online teaching in the continuation of the academic year was a worldwide application and for some universities it was an applied and efficient method as it had been applied for years on distance learning programs, but for many others it applied for the first time, it was viewed with criticism and analyzed with prejudice how much result and effect online learning would give. This point of view should be analyzed with priority and in positive sense, taking into account the conditions and the emotional side of all actors in these processes, as well as conditions that were unknown to the most. In an analysis of the result, many elements were absorbed by the students and functioned quite well, just as there were difficulties in absorbing knowledge into scientific subjects that defined knowledge through laboratory work.

Internet of Things (IoT) is fast emerging and becoming an almost basic necessity in general life, including the automobile industry. 'Connected Car' is a terminology often associated with cars and other passenger vehicles, which are capable of internet connectivity and sharing of various kinds of data with backend applications. The data being shared can be about the location and speed of the car, the status of various parts/lubricants of the car, and if the car needs urgent service or not. In this sense, the data collected from the devices and IoT sensors can be processed in order to analyze the driving habits and provide suggestions and optimizations for improving the economy and maintenance intervals of the vehicle. The processing of this relies on the fusion of heterogeneous multisource information and modeling intangible factors, which would facilitate predictive maintenance and energy saving.

While we are having our time off, lunchtime, sleep time or we disconnect from information network for some moments, we see that with the clicks we are making in our computer machine, we stumble in a lot of new information. But in the ICT field, we are full of information about hundreds of new software programs and applications..., which make work easier for us in these services e.g. banking, health care system, education, administration, production, etc. All these goods come as a result of the epochal development of digitalization. Large data collection; "BIG DATA", "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE", "COMMUNICATION NETWORKS", "e-GOVERNANCE" and "INTERNET", is a necessity, almost insurmountable in support of our work be they services; operational, educational, administrative... or scientific research. Whereas, the coherence of the implementation of international, constitutional, and ethical rules regarding the dignity of the individual, fundamental rights, privacy and security of personal data, leave much to be desired because their violation is the concern of the new democratic society. Understanding of Information Security, Information systems, Big Data, Legal-Ethical Rules, and Violation of the individual’s data, are the focus of the following topic.

Our life is surrounded by various information technology equipment, and home automation is one of the most interesting applications of technology in our homes. It includes controlling and automation of electronic and electrical devices. In this paper, we’ll focus on Z- Wave protocol and we will discuss its applications in smart homes such as automatic control of lighting. We will describe step by step all the processes that take place behind the scenes during the control of lighting through this the protocol.

Information technology includes all types of technology used to exchange, store, use or create information. Information technology benefits from the business world by allowing organizations to work more efficiently and maximize productivity. Faster communication, electronic storage and data protection are advantages that information technology can have in your enterprise. The security and privacy of that data is extremely important, especially nowadays, where the security and privacy can be compromised quite easily. The topic under study is a very important issue to understand the importance of security and privacy in the use of the Internet. Initially the main purpose of this research was to inform about the main security points to protect the work of an organization. Starting with physical security, personnel security, network security and others. Through this research, the issue of information security risks is addressed as well as their management, including risk identification, assessment and control. The next main point in the last part will be cybercrime and digital forensics, where the areas in which forensics is being applied will be examined.

In the field of information retrieval, Passage related to Query are usually easy to get, and the passage that irrelevance is in a large collection and contain more noise. How do you get quality, irrelevant passage is vital. Based on this observation, we through a method of similarity measure, called “doc-ad-doc”, which get the irrelevant passage that is least relevant to the query and most similar to the relevant passage. Through experimental verification, The 0.8M training set constructed by our method can achieve the effect of constructing 8M training set by random sampling. Secondly, traditional information retrieval methods usually adopted sparse vector space model, such as BM25.As well as many mainstream deep relevance retrieval methods, They train the classification models of query and passage. In our work, we adopt the dense representation of the interactive query and passage，where embeddings are used a bert- base encoder model. We test it on MS MARCO data set, showing that the retrieval accuracy of our method outperforms the classification model and BM25-based Baselines.

Evidence shows that there is a positive correlation between internet and the globalization indexes. Internet has affected directly numerical transactions of global market especially on computer goods and services and on-line services in all industries. As the impact of internet continues to grow in different globalization indexes such as in economy, politics, and social interaction, Kosovo is still facing a very basic problem – the absence of the country domain. This paper firstly will deal with the importance of internet in general terms as very complex, multi-dimensional, and one of the unavoidable concepts in practically all fields in recent decades. Internet usage increase contributed in the economy also, namely, by digitizing the majority of the financial and economic activities. Section two of the paper shows the importance and usage of the internet in Kosovo economy with special focus on Kosovo banking sector, by showing continuous increase in the internet-based platforms and transactions. Actual data of the Kosovo banking sector are used to highlight internet-based activities. Apart from that, an attention will be devoted to the internet penetration in Kosovo. Section three describes the current situation and challenges regarding the absence of Kosovo country domain. Specific international references are used to show that Kosovo is eligible of having country domain. Nevertheless, country domain policy based on the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) will be analyzed to address the Kosovo challenges, and steps to be followed in to be listed in the ICANN official country domains.

One of the main challenges to business digital transformation is lack of agile approach to the operations digitalization requirements. This problem can be translated on three main related hypothetical issues: business inability to change various things in a short period of time, lack of straightforward strategic line commitment, and failure to take iterative organisational fast approach towards simplification of technology complexity. This research aims to address the potential causes of organizational inflexibility, strategic issues, and the mode of response to the complex requirements of digitalization process. The target population is composed of Kosovar enterprises with a definite sample. Qualitative research provided forward-thinking knowledge about the theory of complexity and organization, while quantitative research provided testing of research hypotheses related to the three identified causes of the problem.